# ISTinaD

> Innovation, Science and Technology for People-Centered Development


## Posts

- [Policy Paper: Digital Payment Technology in Sudan](https://istinad.org/policy-paper-digital-payment-technology-in-sudan/)
- [From Struggle to Strategy: Lessons from Micro and Small-Scale Manufacturers in Wartime Sudan](https://istinad.org/from-struggle-to-strategy-lessons-from-micro-and-small-scale-manufacturers-in-wartime-sudan/): The Sudan War series is a joint collaboration between&nbsp;the&nbsp;Center for Economic, Legal, and Social Studies and Documentation – Khartoum (CEDEJ-K),&nbsp;Sudan-Norway Academic Cooperation (SNAC)&nbsp;and&nbsp;African Arguments – Debating Ideas. Through a number of themes that explore the intersections of war, displacement, identities and capital, Sudanese researchers, many of whom are themselves displaced, &nbsp;highlight their own experiences,&nbsp;the unique&nbsp;dynamisms within the larger communities affected by war, and readings of their possible futures.&nbsp;&nbsp;
- [Governing Development for Sudan's Democratic Transformation](https://istinad.org/governing-development-for-sudans-democratic-transformation/): Aspiration for democratic transformation is strongest when people are living the results of its opposite. Democratization, however, is a tough road that requires reliable vehicles, and one prominent vehicle is prioritizing sustainable development as a national agenda and through national, popular programmes. This Discussion Paper presents a case for the critical role of development governance in the process of democratic transformation in post-war Sudan. It provides a historical review of the failures in misaligning democracy and development in Sudan, by consecutive regimes, and examines case studies in its productive sectors (agriculture, industry, energy and mining) to demonstrate the viability of [&hellip;]
- [THE HOUSING AND SERVICES CRISIS: KHARTOUM’S LOCATION AMONG THE WORLD’S CITIES](https://istinad.org/the-housing-and-services-crisis-khartoums-location-among-the-worlds-cities/): In March 2023, the ISTinaD center and Alyarmook Public Library Committee hosted a seminar in southern Khartoum addressing the city's housing and service crises. The event explored global case studies and potential solutions to these challenges.
- [People-centered evaluation of industrial policies in post revolution Sudan 2019-2021](https://istinad.org/people-centered-evaluation-of-industrial-policies-in-post-revolution-sudan-2019-2021/): This paper explores the industrial policies and trajectories that the transitional government of Sudan (TGS) adopted in the years 2019 – 2021, to evaluate their impact on prospects of people-centered development. The paper addresses industrial policy as a fundamental infrastructure to accommodate people-centered development and appropriate technology implementation. The paper reviews the industrial reality in pre-revolution Sudan and its impacts on development from a people-centered approach, then evaluates industrial policies adopted by the TGS whether explicitly or implicitly, on their ability to achieve people-centered development and promote appropriate technology implantation. The evaluation examines the strategy documents issued by the TGS, [&hellip;]
- [Industrial policies for latecomers in developing countries: a developmental state approach](https://istinad.org/industrial-policies-for-latecomers-in-developing-countries-a-developmental-state-approach/): In 1791, Alexander Hamilton, American Secretary of Treasury, submitted to Congress his report on industry in the United States, in which he argued that the US with its industrially backward economy (which was the case back then compared to Europe) needed to protect and support its industries “in their infancy” until they reached a sufficient level of strength to compete with Europe’s manufactures. That might very well be the start of what later came to be known as infant industry protection/promotion, a theory to which many – if not most – successful industrialization stories around the world are linked [7]. [&hellip;]
- [The electricity crisis in SudanBetween quick fixes and opportunities for a sustainable energy transition](https://istinad.org/the-electricity-crisis-in-sudanbetween-quick-fixes-and-opportunities-for-a-sustainable-energy-transition/): Over the last few years, the electricity sector in Sudan has been in a state of crisis: 60 per cent of the Sudanese population have been living without electricity, while millions of Sudanese people currently suffer from hours of continuous power cuts, as the available electricity capacity covers a mere 60 per cent of the demand. Frequent tariff increases, reaching 13,000 per cent for some social groups, have also exacerbated the crisis. Several factors – linked to questions of supply and consumption – have caused this deteriorating situation.Investigating this context requires identifying the key political transformations, involving both civilian and [&hellip;]
- [INNOVATION IN SUPPORT OF PASTORALISM](https://istinad.org/innovation-in-support-of-pastoralism/): This presentation was delivered during a workshop organized by the ISTinaD center in collaboration with the Coalition of Demand-based groups (TAM), in September 2022, as part of the preparatory research work for producing a policy paper discussing the development of pastoral communities and pastoral activities.
- [Introduction to Science, Technology, and Innovation Policies](https://istinad.org/introduction-to-science-technology-and-innovation-policies/): A lecture organized by the UNESCO Chair for Transfer of Technology, Khartoum, at the Industrial Research and Consultancy Center, September 15th, 2022.
- [Globalized agriculture, localized livelihoods; the predicament of development in Sudan](https://istinad.org/globalized-agriculture-localized-livelihoods-the-predicament-of-development-in-sudan/): The perishing of almost 200 farmers, suffocating in the tiny cell to which they were sent for laying out their demands to the first independent government in February 1956, was the ultimate fidelity that post-colonial rulers could show to the extractive model of their predecessors. What later known as Jouda events, were mainly triggered by cotton farmers along the White Nile pump-irrigated projects, mostly privately-owned, who expressed several demands, among which were their unpaid three years dues and the recognition of their farmer union.While exports of cash crops, cotton mainly, were highly lucrative for both governmental and privately owned schemes [&hellip;]
- [The path toward an industrial policy that prioritizes people](https://istinad.org/the-path-toward-an-industrial-policy-that-prioritizes-people/): Any serious efforts towards establishing an industrial policy for Sudan requires beginning by defining the framework of this policy and its general determinants. To achieve this, the Institute of Industrial Policy Studies, at the Center for Industrial Research and Consultation, organized in February 2021 a brainstorming event, in a round-table program entitled “For Strategic Action to Develop Industry In Sudan In Accordance With The Sustainable Development Goals.””. Through this platform, the Institute sought “to work towards developing a consensus framework that helps direct industrial policy recommendations, according to a flexible industrial strategic direction, in order to enhance the role of [&hellip;]
- [Engineering education, development and growth in Africa](https://istinad.org/engineering-education-development-and-growth-in-africa/): Africa is trying to overcome the challenge of having significant shortage of engineering skills. The shortage is felt throughout the continent while amplified in some parts. For example, in 2013, UNESCO Director-General, said that, “in Namibia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania, there is one qualified engineer for a population of 6000 people–compared to one engineer per 200 people in China [and 1/311 in UK; 1/227 in Brazil].” In one sector (water and sanitation), it was estimated that 2.5 million new engineers and technicians are required in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in order to meet the development goals on access to clean water and [&hellip;]

## Pages

- [Calendar](https://istinad.org/events-calendar/)
- [Library](https://istinad.org/library/)
- [Knowledge systems program](https://istinad.org/programs/knowledge-systems-program/): This program aims to bridge the gap between knowledge generation and policymaking by enhancing research infrastructure, facilitating coordinated knowledge production, and promoting knowledge-based policymaking. The objective is to ensure that policies are informed by accurate, comprehensive, timely, and context-specific evidence, thereby fostering sustainable people-centered development. The colonial period in Sudan laid the foundation for many challenges in the current knowledge systems. The absence of parliamentary oversight and executive accountability meant that policies were crafted without rigor and comprehensive information, leading to uninformed (and misinformed) decision-making. This top-down approach sidelined indigenous knowledge and perspectives of Sudanese communities, resulting in governance disconnected [&hellip;]
- [Industrial Policy Program](https://istinad.org/programs/industrial-policy-program/): An industrialized Sudan is one with more decent jobs, higher productivity, advancing technological capabilities, and exporting goods with higher value-added. These are the benefits necessary for the prosperity of any modern human society, generally unattainable without industrialization. For such prosperity to take place and realize material benefits for the society, industry and industrialization must be guided and defined by people centered values, according to which trade-offs between industries and industrial options are to be made prioritizing life of current and future generations.Industrial policies can be defined as any type of intervention or public measure that attempts to improve the enabling [&hellip;]
- [Energy Justice Program](https://istinad.org/programs/energy-justice-program/): Given its available energy resources, Sudan has the potential for enjoying a more stable and equitable energy supply if appropriate policy frameworks are put into effect. Considering the two main energy forms that the country makes use of, namely, oil and electricity, several intersecting and sector-specific areas need to undergo drastic transformations. Regarding electricity production, estimates for grid connection rate are at around 32% only, mainly supplying urban centres and excluding marginalized areas in the five Darfur states and Southern Kurdufan, which are supplied by isolated grids. However, measures taken to address the supply gap have been poorly thought of. [&hellip;]
- [Agri-food Systems Program](https://istinad.org/programs/agro-food-systems-program/): This program aims to transform Sudan&#8217;s agri-food system into a dynamic catalyst for unity, resilience, and sustained peace. The program emphasizes meaningful community participation across the agri-food value chain, prioritizing the responsibilities and rights of small-scale actors, who form the backbone of Sudan&#8217;s agri-food systems. Historically, Sudanese agricultural and pastoral communities maintained a symbiotic relationship with their environment, relying primarily on sorghum and millet as dietary staples, with limited reliance on wheat. During the Anglo-Egyptian colonial period, food and security were wielded as tools of control. The colonial government introduced new agricultural technologies and exploited the land tenure system, linking [&hellip;]
- [ISTinaD Team](https://istinad.org/about/team/): Muzan Alneel Managing Director Gussai Sheikheldin Research Associate Razaz H.Basheir Research Fellow Muez Ali Research Associate Abubakr Omer Research Fellow Mohamed S.Abdelrahman Research Associate Elaf Alnayer Research Assistant
- [Programs](https://istinad.org/programs/)
- [Home](https://istinad.org/): Innovation, Science and Technology for People-Centered Development ISTinaD is a Sudan-based research organization established in 2021. It focuses on Innovation, Science and Technology for People-Centered Development and is committed to providing evidence-based policy products in the field of techno-science that prioritize the wellbeing of people and communities. ISTinaD Ongoing Programs Knowledge Systems Program Learn More Energy Justice Program Learn More Agro-Food Systems Program Learn More Industrial Policy Program Learn More
- [Newsletter](https://istinad.org/contact/): &nbsp; Subscribe to Our Newsletter Stay updated on the latest projects and events from ISTinaD &nbsp;
- [About](https://istinad.org/about/): ISTinaD (Innovation, Science, and Technology for people-centered Development) is a Sudan-based research institute established in 2021. We focus on providing evidence-based, actionable knowledge to the public and policymakers, leveraging technology, innovation systems, and sustainability policies to improve the future. At ISTinaD, we believe that while technology is essential for progress, it must be people-centered, contextualized, and democratic to be truly effective and equitable. Our mission is to bridge the gap between innovation and people through respectful partnerships with local communities, grassroots movements, and marginalized groups. Strategic Objective People-centered public policies for innovative utilization of techno-science in development. Center Activities Conduct [&hellip;]


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